ICU超音波報告套版系統 | UPDATED 2020/04/15 |
Cardiovascular
| Global wall motion | Rapidly determine whether the shock state is distributive, obstructive (massive pulmonary embolus or tamponade), cardiogenic or hypovolaemic. | |||
| Pericardial effusion | large pericardial effusion, a flail mitral leaflet, an
intra-cavitary thrombus, or a dilated hypokinetic right ventricle (RV)
with apical sparing (McConnell’s sign). These findings may guide the
team in performing emergency interventions. where continued cardiopulmonary resuscitation
will not be successful (Varriale and Maldonado 1997; Blaivas and Fox 2001) |
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| LV&LA | RV&RA | |||
| LA enlargement | RA enlargement | |||
| LV dilatation | RV dilatation with overload pattern | |||
| LVH | RA thrombus | |||
| vegetation | ||||
| IVC | Inspiration
cm |
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Chest
| B lines >3/intercostal space | Lung sliding with an A line pattern indicates that the visceral
pleural surface is moving freely with respiration against
the parietal pleura. Subpleural interlobular septa are oedematous, hyperechoic comet tail artifacts called B-lines arise. |
|
| Pleural effusion | Right
|
Arguably the best radiographic modality for the
diagnosis and characterisation of a pleural effusion, and
allows safe and accurate placement of various chest tubes if clinically indicated |
| Pneumothorax | ||
| Lung consolidation | 90% sensitivity and 98% specificity in detecting alveolar consolidations |
Abdomen
| Ascites | “focused assessment with sonography for trauma” (FAST) protocol | |
| Sono Murphy's sign | Cholecystitis | |
| Hepatosplenomegaly | A popular current sonographer practice is to measure the liver in the mid‐clavicular line from a longitudinal image. Upper limit cut‐off values for normal for this measurement are inconsistent across a range of different sonography curriculum textbooks and range from 13–16 cm. (Curry RA, Tempkin BB. Sonography: Introduction to Normal Structure and Function. Missouri: Elsevier; 2011. ) |
|
| Hydronephrosis | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | As serum creatinine increases, the renal cortical echogenicity is increased. Echogenicity of renal parenchyma less than that of the liver with maintained corticomedullary distinction is considered grade 0. (Cureus, 11(3), e4241.) | |
| Kidney size | Right
cm Left cm |
The longitudinal length was measured in a section visually estimated to represent the largest longitudinal section. |
Limbs
| DVT | only compression ultrasonography is required to
make a diagnosis of a DVT (colour and spectral Doppler are unnecessary) (Lensing et al. 1997). |
Others
Operator: